Vuto La Umphawi Wa Mphamvu
Sizobisa kuti dziko laMalawi ikukumana ndi vuto la phamvu, komaso kupeza mphamvu zosamala chilengedwe ndizovuta kwa anthu ochuluka. Momveka bwino,umphawi wa mphamvu ndi kusowa kwa mwayi wopeza mphamvuzi. Mu mfundo zotsatirazi tifotokoza zachiwerengero chomwe chakhuzidwa ndi umphawi wa mphamvu pakadali pano m’Malawi.
Mfundo zina ndi chiwerengero- M’mene mphamvu zili kuno ku Malawi
Malawi ndi dziko limodzi mwa mayiko ena amene kupezeka kwa magetsi ndi kovuta. Anthu nkhumi ndi m’modzi mwa anthu zana limodzi (11%) ali ndi magetsi. Kumadera akumudzi chiwerengero cha anthu amene ali ndi magetsi nchotsikirapo; anthu osaposera anayi mwa anthu zana limodzi (4%) ndi amene ali ndi mway wa magetsi zimene zikutanthauza kuti kulumikiza kwa mphamvu yamagetsi sikumakhalako mukachoka m’matawuni.
Malingana ndi Bank la pa Dziko Lonse World Bank mwa anthu makumi anayi ndi m’modzi pa zana lirilonse(41%) okhala m’matawuni ali ndi mwai wa magetsi. Komabe, kuzimazima kwa magetsi kumakhalapo mpakana maola makumi awiri ndi anayi (24 hours) zomwe zimatanthawuza kuti amakhala opanda mphamvu ngakhale analumikizidwa ndi magetsi. Pafupifupi anthu amakhala kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi (6 hours) tsiku lililonse opanga magetsi
Pafupifupi mphamvu yokwana makuni asanu ndi anayi mphambu sizanu (95%) za mphamvu yonse (351MW) zimachokera ku makina oyendesedwa ndi mphamvu za madzi amene ali m’mbali mwa mtsinje wa Shire. Mphamvu yotsalayo yokwana 22MW imapangidwa ndi makina oyendetsedwa ndi mafuta a dizilo.. Kudalira kwambiri mphamvu yopangidwa kuchokera kumadzi kokha kumabweretsa mavuto. Munyengo youma, madzi akachepa, mphamvu opangidwa ya magetsi imatsika kufika pansi pa 200MW.
kusowa kwa KUZINDIKIRA, KUPEZEKA ndi KUTHEKERA kwa njira zowonjezera mphamvu zosamala chilengedwe kukupangitsa pafupifupi m’Malawi aliyense (ndi anthu ambiri ku Sub-Sahara Africa) kudalira njira zinakhuni kapena makala pophikira. Popanda kulumikiza kwa mphamvu ya magetsi komaso gasi anthu amagwiritsa ntchito nkhuni ndi makala pophikira. Koma ngakhale mphamvu ya magetsi itakhalapo, nkhuni ndi makala ndi zosika mtengo komanso
zosavuta popeza mphamvu.. Izi zimabweretsa chiwerengero cha makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu za mabanja onse (98%) kuphikira zinthu monga (81% nkhuni, 16% makala, 1% zotsalira za zokolola). Kuopsa kwa kusowa kwa mphamvu ya magetsi kwa Malawi ndi anthu ake pa za umoyo, za chilengedwe ngakhalenso zachuma ku dziko ndi ku mabanja ndi kosadziwika kapena kumanyalanyazidwa . Tiyeni tifalise uthenga pa nkhaniyi.
Toggle Content Vutoli liripo chifukwa chakuti pali kufunika kwa mphamvu ya magetsi yokwana 400 MW, imene singathe kufikilidwa ndi mphamvu 373 MW zimene zilipo pakadali pano. Kotero, bungwe logulitsa magetsi la Energy Supply Corporation of Malawi (ESCOM) limayenera kugawa mphamvuyi pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yoyasa ndi kuzimisa magetsi mwaka nthawi m’madera. Zikuwonetsa kuti kufunika kwa mphamvu kukhala ku kukulirakulirabe m’zaka zingapo zikubwerazi malingana ndi ntchito za chuma zomwe zikhazikitsidwe, ndipo patenga nthawi yambiri ndi khama kuti pakhale mphamvu za magetsi zowonjezera zomwe zipangetse vuto lakusowa kwa mphamvu linka likulirabe (mongoyerekeza kuzafunika mphamvu yochuluka ya 950MW mu 2020).
Zotsatira za umphawi wa mphamvu pa Malawi
ZAUMOYO
- M’zipatala zambiri za kumudzi sizinalumikizidwe ku magetsi, ngakhale zina zomwe ili ndimagetsi, zilibe njira zina zogwiritsa ntchito magetsi akazima kapena thumba la ndalama lochokera kumaboma awo loti likwanitse kulipira , ngongole zawo ku ESCOM nthawi zonse.
- Masiku ano zida zamakono zakuchipatala zimagwiritsa ntchito magetsi.
Mapulogalamu opulumutsa moyo, kufufuza matenda (mwachitsanzo, kufufuza matenda pojambula nthupi mwa munthu) ndi njira zopelekera mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, kupuma kwa phweya) sizingatheke popanda magetsi. Kuonjezerapo, pakufunika kosunga bwino kwa katemera, magazi, ziwalo ndi mankhwala kuti zisawonongeke - M’madera ena, amai woyembekezera amachilira powunikira makandulo kapena kutumizidwa kunyumba ngati abwera ku chipatala satenga kandulo. Osati kawirikawiri, mavuto omwe amakumana nawo pochira samatha kukonzedwa ndipo amayi amataya moyo wawo kapena kuonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali kamba kosowa magetsi
- Monga momwe nyuzipepala zosiyanasiyana zimasonyezera kuti kusokonezeka kwa magetsi kumapangitsa kuti wodwala apitilizike kudwala komaso kufa kumene
- Anthu ambiri ku Malawi kuno amadalira nkhuni ndi makala ngati zophikira tsiku ndi tsiku. Pamene akuphikira malo osadutsa mpweya bwino komaso zophikira zosasunga moto, amawononga mphweya wopuma, munjira zimene zimaonongaumoyo wa anthu, kuphatikizapo tizilombo tating’ono tomwe timalowa m’mapapu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mabanja akhale osatetezeka ku matenda amapapu ndipo ambiri okhuzidwa amakahala amene akuphika chifukwa ndi amene akupezeka pa malo omwe pali mpweya owonongeka kwa maola angapo tsiku lirilonse.
- Kupuma utsi kumakhudza kwambiri umoyo wa munthu ndipo kumabweretsa matenda monga a mtima, chibayo ndi khansa ya m’mapapo. Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO), kuipitsa mpweya wam’nyumba ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimachititsa imfa padziko lonse kupha anthu 4 miliyoni pachaka.
- Kukatola nkhuni kumakhala ndi ziopsezo kwa anthu koma alibe chisankho akuyenera kutero (mwachitsanzo, kugwiriridwa kwa amayi unkhalango pokafuna nkhuni).
- Kugwiritsa ntchito nyali ya parafini kumabweretsaso mavuto pa umoyo chifukwa yimatulutsa mpweya woipa woononga mapapo ndipo izi zimafanana ndi kusuta mapaketi awiri a ndudu. Mwamwayi, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa parafini kwa tsika ndi 2.4% mu 2016.
MAPHUNZIRO
- Madera ambiri ku Malawi nthawi ikamafika 5 koloko kunja kumakhala kuti kwayamba kuda. Kwa maola 12 otsatira, makamaka madera kumidzi amakhala mu m’dima. Popanda mphamvu zamagetsi anthu amene akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito maola amadzulo amatha kudalira njira zounikira zomwe zimaononga matochi kapena sakhala ndi kuunika.. Komabe, ophunzira sangathe kuchita ntchito zawo kunyumba kapena aphunzitsi sangathe kukonzekera makalasi akabwera kuchokera kusukulu kamba kosowa kuwala.
- Popanda mphamvu zamagetsi ntchito zapakhomo monga kuphika or kuchapa zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zithe,. Kotero, mabanja ambiri amadalira thandizo la ana awo (Mwachitsanzo, kukatola nkhuni kunkhalango). Nthawi zina, ntchitozi zimatenga nthawi yochuluka kwambiri moti ana amaphonya makalasi kapena sangapite kusukulu. Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa m’nyumba wa Intergrated Household Survey omwe unachitika 2016/7, 14% ya anthu aliwonse opitilira zaka khumi ndi zisanu, sanapiteko kapena sapita ku sukulu
- Zimakhala zovuta kukopa aphunzitsi oyenerera kumadera akumidzi chifukwa cha zifukwa monga kusowa cha chitetezo komanso kupererewa kwa zisankho pankhani ya chisangalalo.
Kuperewera kwa zipangizo zamakono zamaphunziro komanso mauthenga oyenerera zimapangitsa njira yophunzirira kukhala yovuta komanso yopanda phindu.
ZACHUMA
- Zimakhala zofunikira kuti makampani opanga zinthu apeze mphamvu zodalirika, kuti apindule chifukwa makampani ambiri akudalira phamvu za magetsi masiku ano. Mwachitsanzo, mafakitale a tiyi ndi fodya amafunikira mphamvu zowumitsa ndi kusindikiza masamba, opanga katundu wa zitsulo amagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kuti apange zinthu zawo, komaso alimi ang’ombe za mkaka amafunikira kusunga mkaka wawo malo ozizi kuti usaonongeke. Komabe, mphamvu ya magetsi ku Malawi ndiyochepa ndipo ndi chifukwa chimodzi mwa zifukwa
zobwezeretsa m’mbuyo chitukuko cha makampani. - Pamene magetsi azima pa kampani imene imadalira mphamvu ya magetsi kuti ipange zinthu, imasiya kaye kupanga kapena yimagwiritsa ntchito njira zina zopezera mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri makampani amagwiritsa ntchito jenereta ya diziro kuti apange magetsi amene kuwafunawo. Izi sizowonjezera mtengo wokha komanso zimabweretsa mavuto ena monga osaka ndalama yakunja kuti athe
kuitanisa mafuta a diziro zomwe zimapangisa kuti ndalama yakunja isowe
komanso kupangisa chiongola zanja pa ndalama ya kunja chikhale chopweteka
kayendesedwe ka chuma cha Malawi. - Pambuyo pake makampani ambiri satha kupanga zinthu zochuluka chifukwa cha kuzima kwa magetsi. Zotsatira zake, iwo amachepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito kapena katundu yemwe amapanga. Izi zimavulaza anthu wamba chifukwa zimabweretsa kusowa kwa zinthu pamsika, kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu komansokusowa kwa ntchito.
- Malonda ofunikira omwe angathandize kukuza msika wa zotumiza kunja, kuchulukitsa forex komanso kutsitsa mtengo wogulitsira zinthu mudziko momuno sakuchitika
- Msika umene zokolora zake zili pa chiopsezo chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi yosadalirika, umabwezeretsa ndalama zofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimadza ndi anthu amalonda chifukwsa supereka chikoka konse
- Monga tanena kale kuti ntchito zatsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala zovuta komaso zotenga nthawi pakakhala palibe magetsi. Kotero anthu ambiri alibe nthawi yoti atukule zachuma zawo kapena chuma cha dziko lawo pokhala nawo pa misonkhani yophunzitsa anthu zakapezedwe ka chuma, kuyambitsa mabisinesi ndi zina zambiri. Izi zikuwonetsaso kuti mabanja 27 pa 100 aliwonse (27%) ku Malawi kuno akugwira ntchito zomwe si zaulimi, ndipo ndi mabanja 10 pa 100 (10%) aliwonse omweamagwiritsa ntchito munthu yemwe sali wabanja pawo
- Mabizinezi ang’onoang’ono amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuzima kwa magetsi, chifukwa sangathe kupeza ma jenereta oti agwiritse ntchito magetsi akazima. Mapeto ake amagwira ntchito maora ochepa patsiku.
- Mabanja osauka amawononga ndalama zambiri pogulira zinthu zina zomwe zingawapatse mphamvu yofunikira m’malo mwa mphamvu monga kugula makandulo/koloboyi, mabatire, parafini, nkhuni komanso makala. Izi zimachepetseratu ndalama zomwe zikadagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina.
Zachilengedwe
- Malawi ndi dziko limodzi mwa mayiko omwe amadula mitengo kwambiri mudziko lose lapansi. Mu chaka cha 2017 chokha mtengo umodzi mwa mitengo zana limodzi (1%) yamitengo inadulidwa, zimene zikutanthawuza kuti 15.30 hekita ya nkhalango inatha. Izi zikufanana ndi malo oposa mabwalo 20,000 osewelera mpira wamiyendo. Kwenikweni chimachitika ndi chani pamene mitengo yadulidwa? Zotsatira pamene mitengo yatha ndi kukokoloka ndikuuma kwa nthaka (ku Malawi pafupifupi matani 29 a nthaka pa hekita amakokoloka chaka chilichonse), komaso kusintha kwa nyengo. Choncho sizingatheke kukwaniritsa zofuna za chitetezo cha chakudya mu dziko la
Malawi chifukwa chakuchuluka kwa anthu. Mitengo ndiyofunika kwa zolengedwa zonse kuti ngati tidula mitengo ndiye kuti kupezeka kwa madzi, mpweya, ndi zina zisokonekera ndipo mitengo siyofunika kwa anthu okha koma zonse za chilengedwe. Pomalizira, mitengo ndi mpulumitsi yekhayo ku kusintha kwa nyengo ndiponso zotsatira zomwe zimadza kamba ka vutoli. Mitengo imasintha mphweya oyipa
kukhala wabwino omwe anthu amafunikira kuti akhale ndi moyo - Nkhalango za ku Malawi zimawongedwa chifukwa chakufuna nkhuni komaso makala, mongophatikizira njira yophikira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuwa atatu imawononga nkhuni kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuni kapena makala pogwilitsa ntchito zophikira zosamala nkhuni kapena makala kudakakhala njira imodzi yosamala chilengedwe, ngati mitengo idakamabwezeletsedwa mofanana ndi m’mene
imadulidwira. Koma chifukwa chakusadziwa, nkhalango zambiri zimadukidwa mitengo opanga kuzalamo ina. - Kuwononga nkhalango sizotsatira zokha za umphawi wa mphamvu, komaso umphawi wa mphamvu ndichifukwa chimene nkhalango zikuwonongedwa. Kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndi kutentha kumapangitsa mlingo wa madzi kuti utsike. Choncho, mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa kuchokera kumadzi yimachepa. Izi zimapangitsa anthu ambiri kudalira nkhuni kuti akwaniritse zosowa zawo zofunika mphamvu.
- Zotsatira zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosadalirika ku chilengedwe ndi kutsika kwa madzi komaso kuwononga nthaka. Mphamvu zosadalirikazi kawirikawiri zimakhalandi zoopsa zambiri ngati sizinatayidwe molongosoka, mwachitsanzo, kutaya palipose
maselo a batire (monga momwe nyali zoyendera mabatire zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri), koteroko mabatirewa amaononga chilengedwe.
UFULU WA ANTHU/ULEMU WAUMUNTHU
Kuopsa kwa umphawi wa mphamvu monga momwe tafotokozera kale sikungowonjezera mavuto pa mibadwo yamakono komanso yamtsogolo, komanso kumaononga ulemu wa anthu,’ pakuti Universal Declaration of Human Rights’ imanena zotsatirazi:
Ndime 23 : Aliyense ali ndi ufulu wogwira ntchito, ufulu wosankha ntchito, ntchito zabwino komanso kuti atetezedwe ku ntchito. […]
Ndime 25 : Aliyense ali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi moyo wabwino wokwanira ndi moyo wabwino wa iye yekha ndi wa banja lake, […]
Ndime 26 : Aliyense ali ndi ufulu wophunzira […].
A Malawi sapeza ntchito chifukwa makampani amalephera kupanga zinthu zochuluka chifukwa cha mphamvu zosadalirika, mabanja ambiri amadwala matenda a m’mapapo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mpweya wamkati. Komanso ana amayenera kutola nkhuni m’malo mopita kusukulu. Izi ndi zochepa chabe mwa zifukwa zomwe umphawi wa mphamvu wapangitsa kuti ma ufulu atatu atchulidwa m’mwambamo asakwanilitsidwe.
Ndikofunika kukwanilitsa kwa ufulu waumunthu, kwa moyo wabwino wa mibadwo yamakono komanso ya mtsogolo, komanso chitukuko cha Malawi kuti anthu achitepo kanthu polimbana ndi vuto la umphawi wa mphamvu komwe akukhala. Yang’anani webusaiti yathu ya Mphamvu-now tsopano ndi kupeza zomwe mungachite!