Mukapita panja tsiku lomwe kuli dzuwa mutha kumva kutethedwa mosavuta. Izi zili chomwechi chifukwa dzuwa limatumiza kutentha komwe kumabwera panthaka kumene kumatenthetsa thupi. Kutentha kochokera kudzuwali ndikumene kumaonjezera kutentha kwapadziko lapansi kumulingo omwe umathandiza zomera, zinyama ndi anthu kuti zikhale ndi moyo.
Kutentha kumeneku kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potipatsa Mphamvu. Titha kugwiritsa ntchito kutenthaku mmene kulili kupangira mphamvu za magetsi.
Magetsi ochokera ku mphamvu ya dzuwa
Mphamvu zochokera ku dzuwa zimasinthidwa ndikupanga magetsi pakugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana.
Sayansi yopanga moto wamagetsi kuchokera mukuwala kwadzuwa pogwirirtsa ntchito zimbale zokoka mphamvu ya dzuwa Apa tikunena zimbale zokoka mphamvu yadzuwa zamlingo wochepa chabe zomwe zimapezeka pamwamba pa nyumba zambiri. Mbale imodzi yokoka mphamvu yadzuwa imakhala ndi maselo otengera mphamvu omwe amakhala olumikizana.
Maselo otenga mphamvu yadzuwa amakhala opangidwa kuchoka ku zipangizo za semikondakitala zofananilako ndizomwe zimapezeka mma kompyutala. Tikaona ma molekyumu omwe amapezeka mu ma selo otengera mphanvu ya dzuwa amakhala ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Zithunzi zimamangiriridwa poona mbali zose kuti zigwire bwino ntchito. Titha kuziona ngati tizidutswa tosaoneka tomwe timakhala m’magulu omwe amapanga ma atomu. Pamene kuwala kwadzuwa kwafika pa selo, tizidutswati timagawanikana. Pamenepa tizidutswati timayenda mosavuta mu selo ndipo zimenezi zimapanga magetsi. Chimbale chokoka mphamvu ya dzuwa nthawi zambili chimatenga moto wamagetsi omwe umayenda kupita mbali imodzi. Kusonyeza kuti zidutswa zosaoneka ndi maso tomwe timapangidwa timayenda mbali imodzi. Ngati kuwala kwadzuwa kwakula tizidutswati timayenga mwamsanga choncho titha kunena kuti ngati kuwala kwadzuwa kwakula moto wamagetsi umapangidwaso wambiri. Komabe mbale zamakono zokolola mphamvu ya dzuwa zimapanga magetsi ochuluka ngakhale pamene kunja kuli kwa mitambo ngakhale kwamvula. Nthawi zambiri mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe yapangidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito potchaja mabatire. Mphamvu yomwe yasungidwa mu mabatileyi imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ina pamene kuwala kwadzuwa kuli koperewera ngakhaleso nthawi yausiku. Kotero zochitika zimasiyana potengera ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvuyi. Inveta imasintha moto omwe umabwera njira imodzi kupita ku moto omwe umasinthasintha njira potumiza moto wamagetsi. | Mphamvu yowonjezera dzuwa
M’malo mogwiritsa ntchito mbale zokoka mphamvu njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito kalilore kuti iwonetsetse dera lalikulu ladzuwa, kapena kutentha kwa dzuwa, kupita ku dera laling’ono zomwe zimasintha kuwala kwadzuwa kupita ku magetsi. Magetsi amapangidwa pamene kuwala kwasanduka kutentha ndipo izi zimayambitsa nthunzi yotentha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ndi jenereta la mphamvu yamagetsi.
Njirayi ndiyamakono imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenga mphamvu yamlingo waukulu wamagetsi. |
Dziko la Malawi monga maiko ambiri mu Africa, ndilodalitsika ndi kuwala kwadzuwa komwe kumakhalako chaka chose. Izi zimachititsa dziko la Malawi kukhala malo oyenelera omwe mphamvu yadzuwa itha kukololedwa.
Umu ndi mmene mphamvu yadzuwayi itha kugwiritsidwira ntchito:
- Kutenga mphamvu yadzuwa pogwiritsa ntchito mbale zokoka kuwala kwadzuwa kapena kuwonjezera dzuwa pogwiritsa ntchito kalilore kumatha kupanga mulingo wambiri womwe utha kulumikizilidwa ndi thambo zamagetsi zam’dziko. Makamaka nthawi youma pamene mlingo wamadzi umakhala ochepa m’mitsinje Dziko la Malawi limakumana ndi vuto lakuzimazima kwamagetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera kudzuwayi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito powapatsa anthu mphamvu zamakono komaso zodalirika.
- Mphamvu zamagetsi zimene makampani amafuna zitha kuonjezeredwa poyika zimbale zokola mphamvu yadzuwa pamwamba pamulingo osiyanasiyana. Ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yomwe makampaniwa akupanga kuchoka ku mphamvu yadzuwa polumikiza ndi nthambo zamagetsi zadziko zomwe pakutha pa zonse zimatha kulipiridwa. Choncho izi zimatha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati m’nthambozi mukudutsa moto wamagetsi.
- Mbale zokoka mphamvu yadzuwa zithanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga magetsi pamlingo wocheperako zimene zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu achepa pamudzi kapena pamzinda waung’ono. Iyi ndinjira yabwino yokokera magetsi mumadera akumudzi posalumikiza nthambo zamagetsi zadziko zomwe zimabweretsa magetsi komanso ndizodula. Ngati magetsi akupangidwa malo omwewo amene akugwiritsidwa ntchito zimakhala ndi ubwino waukulu. Mutha kudziwa zambiri potsekula ma webusayiti ‘Nthambo zolumikizidwa mu ka dera kochepa’.
- Mbale imodzi yokha yotenga mphamvu yadzuwa ndiyokwanila kupereka mphamvu pa nyumba imodzi, izi zimatengera kuti mphamvuyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji monga kuonera kanema, kuziziritsa zinthu, kuyendesera mabizinezi ang’onoang’ono potengera kukula kwa mphamvu imene ikupangidwa. Mutha kudziwa zambiri potsekula ma webusayiti ‘Zimbale zokoka dzuwa za ntchito ya pankhomo’.
- Mphamvu yokoledwa kuchoka kumbale zokoka dzuwa zimatha kupanga magetsi malo amodzi mudera ndikuperekedwa kwa anthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zina ngati kutchaja lamya. Chifukwa cha ichi anthu atha kuthandizika popeza mphamvu zodalirika zimene sizingawathere ndalama. Mutha kudziwa zambiri potsekula ma webusayiti ‘Nyumba yopanga ndi kugulitsa magetsi’.
- Kupopa madzi pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yadzuwa: Mphamvu zamagetsi zimapangidwa kuchoka ku kambale kokolera mphamvu yadzuwa ndipo izi ndizimene zimakapopa madzi kuchoka pasi panthaka. Izitu zimapangitsa ulimi wam’thirira kuti usakhale ovuta kwa alimi.
- Nyali zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yadzuwa za Pico zimabwera ndi maselo acheperako mphamvu, nyalizi zimatchajidwa pakuziyika padzuwa kwathanthawi pang’ono. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yanyalizi kuchoka pa nyali zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso zotchipa kufika pa nyali zikuluzikulu zomwe zimafunika luso lapaderadera zomwe zimakhala ndi malo otchajila mafoni. Pezani mitundu ya katunduyu yomwe ikupezeka pano. Mutha kudziwa zambiri potsekula ma webusayiti ‘Nyali Zing’ono Zing’ono za Dzuwa’.
Magetsi ochokera kumphamvu yadzuwa ndi njira yodalirika yomwe ingathandize kuti madera akumudzi nawo akhale ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Kuwala kwadzuwa kumapezeka posepose osati malo amodzi okha. Mbale zokola mphamvu yadzuwa zimapezeka ngakhale kumudzi posafunika kulumikizana ndi nthambo zamagetsi zadziko yomwe ili njira yodula. Pamene mugula mbale zokolera mphamvu yadzuwazi mutha kupanga magetsi anu mwaulere. Ndi ubwino watchulidwawu tiyeni tione ngati dziko la Malawi likugwiritsadi ntchito.
Pamene magetsi ochoka kumphamvu yadzuwa adakali njila yatsopano, madera ambili sadafikirikidwebe. Komabe kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kakumka nakwera. Mphamvu yamagetsi yochoka kudzuwa yomwe imapangidwa dziko lonse lapansi idali pamlingo wamapelesenti 1.7 muchaka cha 2017. Mlingowu ukumka ukwererakwererabe muzaka zisanu zapitazi ndipo bungwe la international Energy Agency likuona masomphenya oti mphamvu yadzuwa itha kutenga mlingo woposa kota wa mphamvu yomwe imapangidwa dziko lonse lapansi ikamadzafika chaka cha 2050.
Maiko amu Africa akuyembekezereka kukuza mphamvu zamagetsi amene amatengedwa kuchokera ku dzuwa chifukwa cha kuthekera komwe kulipo komanso kucheperacheperabe kwa mtengo. Boma la Malawi pamene likugwira ntchito zake zothetsa umphawi umene ulipo mu mphamvu, likuvomereza kuti magetsi ochokera kumphamvu yadzuwa ndi njila yamakono komanso yosaononga chilengedwe. Zitukuko zing’onozing’ono zopanga magetsi kuchokera kumphamvu yadzuwa zikuchitika maka mmadera akumidzi. Koma chifukwa chimene chikubwereretsabe anthu m’buyo kuti asagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi opangidwa kuchokera kudzuwa ndi mitengo yogulira imene nthawi zambili ikumakhala yokwera ngakhale pakhale kutsika kwamitengoyi. Njira ngati kukhala ndi nyumba kapena malo ogulitsilapo ndi kubwereketserapo zipangizo zamagetsi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za Pico zimatha kuthandiza kuchepetsa vutoli, ndipo izi zimapangisa mphamvu yadzuwa kukhala yofikirika kwa anthu am’madera akumudzi.
Ngakhale mphamvu zamagetsi ochokera ku dzuwa sizidakokeredwebe ku nthambo zadziko zamagetsi m’Malawi muno, mapulojekiti ofuna kulumikiza magetsiwa ali mkati. Khalani odziwitsidwa pa nkhani za mauthenga okhudza mphamvu za m’bwezera pa tsamba la Conrema.org!
Mphamvu yotentha yadzuwa
M’malo mogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yadzuwa kupanga magetsi kutentha komwe kumachokera mudzuwa kuthanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo, kutenthaku kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zina ngati kuphikira. Kuyika zovala padzuwa kuti ziume timakhala kuti tagwiritsabe mphamvu yakutentha yochokera kudzuwa.
Ma tekinoloje ofunika luso lapaderadera ali motere:
- Mphamvu yadzuwa yophikira: Ichi chipangizo chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yadzuwa pophikira kapena kutenthetsera zinthu pompopompo. Sizifunikanso mafuta aliwonse ndipo zilibe mtengo uliwose omwe umabwera ukamagwiritsa ntchito.
- Kuthentha kogwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo waukulu: Zipangizo zina zimalola makampani kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yakutentha yochokera ku dzuwa pakutenthetsera kapenanso kuziziritsa zinthu. Izi zimachitika panthawi yomwe kutentha kuli kocheperako kapena pamlingo wabwino.
- Mphamvu yadzuwa yopha tizilombo mmadzi: Mphamvu yadzuwa imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga madzi omwe ali osatetezeka kukhala abwino pakumwa. Njilayi imapha tizilombo tonse topezeka mmadzi pakugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa komanso kutentha kochokera ku dzuwa. Malo ena otenthetsela madzi amathaso kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwadzuwa popanga magetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mbale zokoka mphamvu ngati njira yamakono yophera tizilombo. Malo ena ang’onoang’ono amangogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwadzuwa komanso mabotolo a PET omwe amabweretsa tekinolojeyi kumadera akumidzi amene ali ndi madzi osatetezeka.