Titha kuganizila dzikoli ngati chinthu chimene chabwatitsidwa. Chimakhala ndi kutentha kocheperako panja kusiyana ndi mkatikati momwe mumakhala motentha kwambiri. Kutentha monga uku ndi komwe kumasungidwa pansi panthaka ndipo kumatchedwa mphamvu ya kutentha kwa kunsi kwa nthaka (Geothermal pa chingerezi). Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa mkati mwa nthaka ndi pamwamba pa nthaka, kutentha kwa mkatiku kumatengedwa kupita pamwamba pa nthaka. Kasupe wotentha womwe amatuluka malo ena ndi chitsimikizo cha izi. Madzi omwe ali pasi pa nthaka amafunda chifukwa cha kutentha komwe kumapezeka pasi panthaka ndipo amakwera kubwera pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mphamvu zamagetsi za kuthentha kwa kunsi kwa nthaka
Mwachidule, Mphamvu yakutentha yomwe imatuluka pansi panthaka imatenthetsa madzi kumlingo womwe umabwatila. Mthunzi omwe umatuluka ndi umene umagwiritsidwa kupukusa chitsulo chomwe chimapanga magetsi. Pamene nchitoyi yachitika madzi amaziziritsidwa ndikubwezeretsedwa ku malo omwe kutentha kumachokera ndicholinga choti akagwiritsidweso ntchito. Kotero njirayi imakhala yopitilirabe. Kuti malo otenthawa akafikiridwe kumakhala kukumba ndipo zipangizo zimalowetsedwa pansi panthaka. Choncho izi zimakhala zodula pamalo amene kutenthaku kukugwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo waukulu.
Mphamvu ya kutentha kwa kunsi kwa Nthaka (geothermal) yomwe imatulutsa magetsi imagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana.
Mphepo yoonongeka moyenera Iyi ndinjira yapakanthawi yomwe imangofuna malo ochokera achikhalire komanso odalirika amene amatulutsa mpweya otentha ochokera pasi panthaka, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kupeza malowa. | Chomera chakusintha pakati ndi kawiri Njira iyi ndi imene ikugwiritsidwa kwambiri, chiyambi chaake chokhala ndi madzi otentha kwambiri ndi chimene chimafunika kuti madziwa abwatitsidwe mpaka nthunzi ituluke. | Chomera chamagetsi chachigawo Iyi ndinjira yamakono imene madzi amatentha pamlingo wapakatikati ndikukhala okwanira. Madziwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa zinthu zamadzimadzi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimabwata pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kocheperako ndi cholinga chakuti, mpweya otuluka mu kubwataku upukuse chipangizo chopangira magetsi. |
Kutenthetsa zinthu pakugwiritsa ntchito mphweya kapena madzi otentha omwe umatuluka pasi pa nthaka ndi njira imene imapezeka kwambili kusiyana ndi njira yopanga magetsi, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mnyumba, usodzi ndi zochitika za m’ma kampani. Kagwiritsidwe ntchito kameneka kamalola kungwiritsa ntchito nyanja yomwe imatulutsa kutentha pansi panthaka pamlingo ocheperako komanso malo osiyanasiyana.
Mphamvu yakutentha yotuluka pa dziko lapansi ndiyothekera kupereka mphamvu yokwanira kwa anthu, komabe ndi malo ochepa okha amene angagwiritsidwe mwaphindu. Kuchoka kalekale mphamvu ya magetsi yopangidwa kuchoka mu kutentha kwapansi pa dziko kumapezeka mmalo ochepa omwe ndi mipata yambale za tectonic. Posachedwapa zitukuko za tekinoloje imeneyi zikumalola kugwiritsa ntchito mlingo waukulupo wa chuma, koma kukumba ndi kuika zitsime zitalizitali zotenga mphamvuzi ndikumene kuli kodulirapo.
Potengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga tekinoloje, mitengo ya mphamvu komanso kuchepetsedwa kwake zikuyembekezereka kuti mphamvu za magetsi komanso madzi otentha zochokera ku kutentha kochokera pansi panthaka zingakhale ndi kuthekera kopereka mphamvu malingana ndi kufunika kwake pa mlingo wa maperesenti 3-5 pofika 2050.
Pali malo ambiri amene mphamvu zopangidwa kuchoka kwa kutentha kochoka pasi panthaka zitha kutengedwa kumadzulo komaso kummawa kwa Africa mmene muli mphepete mwa chigwa chokwera chotchedwa Great Rift Valley, malo otenthetsetsa m’mazoni amene mphamvuzi zimapezeka. Dziko la Malawi liriso mbali imodzi yamalo amenewa.
Pakadali pano magetsi otengedwa ku mphamvu za mpweya otentha ochokera padziko lapasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’maiko okwana makumi awiri ndi mphambu zinayi. Komabe mayiko ambiri amatengerako mwayi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvuzi chifukwa maiko okwana makumi asani ndi awiri adayika zipangizo popangira mphamvuzi.
Zipangizo ndi ndalama zoyambira ndi zinthu zimene zikulepheratsa maiko ambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuzi kupangira magetsi. Kuchotsa, kukumba ndi kumanga paliso ndalama zina zoonjezera zomwe zimabwera pamene pakumangidwa malo wopangira magetsiwa ndi monga kuchepetsa ngozi zadzidzidzi, Kukonzetsera komaso kutumiza nthambo zamagetsi ndipo zina ndi kusatsimikizirika kwa zotsatira zimene kukumba kwa zitsulo zotengera mphamvuyi kumakhala nazo panthaka komanso mlingo wamphamvu zamagetsi omwe ungapangidwe.
Ambiri mwa magetsi opangidwa kuchokera ku kutentha kochoka pansi padziko amapangidwa mu dziko la United States, dziko la Kenya liriso mugulu lamayiko amene akupanga mphamvu zambiri za kutentha kwa kunsi kwa nthaka (geothermal) ndipo limapanga magetsi okwana maperesenti opitilira khumi ndi mphambu zisanu zamagetsi. Lidali dziko loyamba mu Africa kuyika malo opangila mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera ku kutentha kotuluka pansi pa nthaka ndipo limatengedwa ngati kuchimake komwe kumapezeka kuthekera kwakukulu kwa tekinoloje. Dziko la Kenya liri ndi mapulani okuza mphamvu zamagetsi zake zotengedwa kuchoka ku kutentha kochokera pansi pa nthaka ngati mayiko ena kummawa kwa Africa mmayiko ngati Tanzania ndi Ethiopia amatsatira ngati mayiko othekera amene amapezeka ku chitunda chokwera cha Great lift valley.
Ngakhale dziko la Malawi liri ndi zoyenerarera kupanga mphamvu zochokera ku kutentha kwa pansi pa nthaka, dzikoli sirikuthabe kupanga magetsiwa mpaka pano. Vuto lalikulu lomwe liripo ndi kusowa kwa chuma komaso kadziwidwe ka kachitidwe ka tekinolojeyi komanso kusowa kwa utsogoleri oyenera womwe uli ndi kuthekera kugwiritsa ntchito malo omwe kutentha kochokera pansi panthaka kumapezeka. Komabe posachedwapa pakhala pali mapulani omanga malo amene mphamvuzi zitha kutengedwa.
Khalani odziwa mu nkhani zokhudzana ndi mphamvu za m’bwezera pa malo a www.conrema.org.